![]() Similar variation was also observed for coprophilous beetles between a pine ( Pinus sp.) and a spruce ( Picea sp.) forest in Finland ( Hanski and Koskela 1977). Anderson (1982) found variation in species composition of Silphidae between a sugar maple forest ( Acer saccharum Marshall) and a red pine forest ( Pinus resinosa Solander) in southern Ontario. However, the influence of the type of forest, as defined by dominant tree species, has attracted relatively little attention.Ĭlimate and vegetation in a forested area are strong determinants of its vertebrate fauna and soil microclimate and thus indirectly influence the local coprophilous and necrophagous beetle fauna. Thus, differences in coprophilous and necrophagous beetle assemblages are expected in different forests of the same type even at the regional scale. 2000), where a decrease in diversity was observed from south to north. The impact of latitude on a relatively short distance (<300 km) has also been shown for the coprophilous Scarabaeidae of Portugal ( Hortal-Muñoz et al. 2006) of the substrate, as well as by openness of habitat ( Barbero et al. The abundance and diversity of coprophilous and necrophagous beetle fauna are known to be influenced by the age ( Tabor et al. Many beetle species belonging to various families are closely associated with dung and carrions and strongly depend on them ( Hanski 1986). 2007) that attract various invertebrates, forming complex communities. Among these, vertebrate dung and carrions are energetically rich resources ( Carter et al. Terrestrial microenvironments are patchy resources that are usually inhabited by diverse and specialized insect fauna often involved in complex ecological interactions. Necrophagous, coprophilous, beetles, baited pitfall traps, forest types The Silphidae and Histeridae were more abundant in the maple forest, whereas the Hydrophilidae and Ptilidae were more abundant in the fir forest. Strong differences in species assemblages were also observed between the southern maple and fir forest sites. For the beetles caught in the meat-baited traps (majority of captures), decreases in abundance and species richness were observed from south to north along the fir forest transect, with evidence of decreasing specific diversity as measured by the Shannon index of diversity. All Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, and Silphidae were identified to species to examine specific diversity variation among sites. Meat-baited pitfall traps caught nearly 15 times as many beetles as dung-baited traps. A total of 8,511 beetles were caught and identified to family level, 95.7% of which belonged to families with known coprophilous or necrophagous behavior. Beetle abundance was estimated using a sampling design comprising replicated pitfall traps baited with red deer meat or dung in each site. We studied selected assemblages of coprophilous and necrophagous beetles in Quebec along a 115-km north-south transect in three balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) forest sites and in a fourth forest site dominated by sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marshall), close to the southern fir site. The presence and abundance of beetles exploiting such resources are influenced by various ecological factors including climate and forest cover vegetation. Eye contact: Flush the eye with plenty of water.Vertebrate dung and carrion are rich and strongly attractive resources for numerous beetles that are often closely linked to them.Contact with the eyes can cause considerable irritation.Tape tray or cover over the bottle, onto the aluminum flashing (to prevent rainwater from entering trap).You can also place a pitfall trap at the end of each of the 3 fences. This drft fence increases the sample area and increases the number of organisms caught. Install flashing an inch or so into the soil, in 3 straight lines from the cup.Se sure to leave enough space between the ground the cover for invertebrates to enter. Place 3 or so rocks or sticks around the trap and lay the cover on the rocks.Dig a hole and place plastic cup inside it so that the top of the cup is flush with the ground, fill in soil around the cup so there are no gaps around the cup.Choose a spot to set up pitfall traps. ![]() Place bait on bottom of bottle if desired. If you would like to preserve the specimens, pour ethyl alcohol into the bottom of the bottle. Prepare the bottles by cutting and inverting the top of the bottle. ![]()
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